The somesthetic cortex overlaps the motor cortex and is found at the level of the rostral suprasylvian gyrus and marginal gyrus. There is a supplementary motor cortex located at the level of the precruciate gyrus. In the dog, the primary motor cortex is situated at the level of the postcruciate gyrus and the suprasylvian gyrus. To correlate structure with function, one must refer to the cerebral gyri. The topographic structures which form part of the neocortex are named after the bones of the cranium that they are in contact with. Topographically, the neocortex is divided into: the frontal cortex (associated with movement, relationships, associations, and learning), the parietal cortex (associative function), the occipital cortex (vision and association) and the temporal cortex (equilibrium, hearing and association). When the neocortex increases its size, the associated white matter grows disproportionally to the gray matter, the white matter growing more than the gray. Other parts of the cerebral cortex do not change in size as much, such as the hippocampus, which can vary only up to eight times. The size of the neocortex, which can vary up to one hundred thousand times between different mammals (consider the smallest shrew compared to the size of whales), is related to body size. The neocortex is a part of the cerebral cortex which is only found in mammals. The paleocortex (the basal and septal parts) and the archicortex constitute the olfactory cortex or the rhinencephalon. According to Evans, the hippocampus can be referred to as pes hippocampus or cornu Ammonis. Over the years, the terminology has become excessive and confusing. Winslow compared it to the horns of a ram and Hyrtl to the horns of the Egyptian God, Ammon. A century later, it was named pes hippocampus, making reference to NeptuneРІР‚в„ўs horses. In the XVI century, Arantio named the structure located on the floor of the lateral ventricle, hippocampus (after the fish Sygnathus hippocampus or РІР‚СљseahorseРІР‚Сњ).

Its parts are: the subiculum, the hippocampus proper and the dentate gyrus. The archicortex refers to the hippocampal formation. The cortex that covers the parahyppocampal gyrus and the caudal part of the pirifom lobe is the entorhinal cortex. The parahippocampal gyrus is located caudally to the hippocampal formation and reaches the piriform lobe. The cingulate gyrus is a band of associative fibers connecting the septum with the parahippocampal gyrus. Is formed by the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus. The proisocortex is a transitional cortex between the isocortex and the allocortex. It is composed of the hippocampal formation which, itself, is formed by the subiculum, the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus. The archicortex forms part of the limbic system. The subcallosal area is located ventral to the rostrum and genu of the corpus callosum. The septal part is composed of the subcallosal area, the diagonal gyrus and the telencephalic septum. The basal part is composed of the olfactory bulb, the olfactory peduncle, the olfactory tubercle and the piriform lobe. There is a basal part, separated from the neocortex by the lateral rhinal sulcus, and a septal part. The paleocortex is phylogenetically the oldest cortex.

However, a more functional approach is to folllow a phylogenetical classification in allocortex (subdivided into paleocortex and archicortex ), proisocortex or transitional cortex, and a neocortex or isocortex. The cerebral cortex may be named accordingly to the bones of the cranial vault that cover them in: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices (see images). The greater part of the cortex serves is involved associative functions. Only a small part of the cerebral cortex is specialized to receive sensory information and projects motor impulses. The cerebral cortex is the layer of gray matter that covers the white matter.

Hippocampus anatomy gyri